Subtleties..
In this age of WhatsApp forwards, You
Tubes, Instas and Tweets, the
meaning of the aforementioned word is getting lost. How many of us have the
time to listen to the early morning bird calls, to watch the sunrise and
sunset, to watch the moon, to watch the stars or just to be quiet and listen to
the silence?
It is not that we don’t have the time. It is just that we don’t want to.
Blame it on the ‘life style’ and ‘changing times’. I do not want to delve into
the reasons as this post is more on subtleties
and less on our inability to appreciate and the decline in the aesthetic sense and values.
So, let us look first look at a poem. I call it a poem, despite its being a
verse from ‘Bhakti literature’,
because to me, a poem is a poem. Moreover, poems in Bhakti literature are no way inferior and stand out for their
acuity and quality which can be appreciated by atheists and theists alike,
provided they genuinely care for language and not for the source.
Here it is:
தொந்தி சரிய மயிரே வெளிற நிரை
தந்தம் அசைய முதுகே வளைய இதழ்
தொங்க ஒருகை தடி மேல் வர மகளிர்...
நகையாடி
தொண்டு கிழவன் இவன் யார் என இருமல்
கிண் கிண் என முன் உரையே குழற
விழி துஞ்சு குருடு படவே
செவிடுபடு.....செவியாகி
வந்த பிணியும் அதிலே மிடையும் ஒரு
பண்டிதனும் மெயுறு வேதனையும்
இளமைந்தர் உடைமை கடன் ஏது என
முடுக...துயர் மேவி
மங்கை அழுது விழவே எமபடர்கள்
நின்று சருவ மலமே ஒழுக உயிர்
மங்கு பொழுது கடிதே மயிலின்
மிசை....வரவேணும்
எந்தை வருக ரகுனாயகா வருக
மைந்தா வருக மகனே இனி வருக
என் கண் வருக எனதாருயிர்
வருக.....அபிராம
இங்கு வருக அரசே வருக முலை
உண்க வருக மலர் சூடிட வருக
என்று பரிவினொடு கோசலை
புகல....வருமாயன்
சிந்தை மகிழ மருகா குறவர் இள
வஞ்சி மருவும் அழகா அமரர் சிறை
சிந்த அசுரர் கிளை வேரொடு
மடிய..... அடுதீரா
திங்கள் அரவு நதி சூடிய பரமர்
தந்த குமர அலை பொருத
செந்தி நகரில் இனிதே மருவி
வளர்....பெருமாளே.
It is indeed a long verse. In fact, this is one of the longest verses from thiruppugazh, though it follows the
structure and rule to tee ( 8
cantos/following a ‘chanda taaLa’). For the benefit of all readers, I am
first reciting it and then giving a summary.
In the first part (first 4 cantos), AruNagirinathar
describes the ‘final moments’ in anybody’s life.
‘Sagging paunch, silver hair, shaking
teeth, hunching back, drooping lips, walking stick(for support), whooping
cough, incoherent speech, very poor eyesight, deaf ears, all diseases,
intruding doctor, ‘curious sons’(to get details of assets and liability),
crying wife, uncontrolled bowel movement, messengers of Yama (God of death as
per Hindu mythology) and there I see Death approaching..And at that point
please come in front of me Oh Muruga!’
Isn’t this a beautiful narration and description of a man’s final moments?
Logically, the poem should have ended here. But when there is logic, there
is no poetry; when there is logic, there is no genius.
So, the poet continues,
‘‘Oh, the hero of Raghu dynasty! My
father!! My Son, the apple of my eye, my soul, my king.Please come here, I want
to feed you. Please come here, I want to you to be adorned with flowers’, sang
Kausalya’,
says the second part( 2 cantos).
Now, what is happening? Did he not sing to Muruga in the first segment? Then why Rama now? Like the present day politicians, did AruNagiri switch sides? Isn’t there a
disconnect anyway?
Well, not really. One just needs to be patient and wait for the next word
in the poem. He ends that line with the word ‘nephew’; Rama’s nephew(Muruga). But this is not all. He makes Kausalya address Rama first as ‘father’, then as ‘maindhan’(மைந்தன்) and ‘magan’(மகன்). The first one is not uncommon.
However, the second and third ones require a deeper understanding. ‘maindhan’
and ‘magan’ can be easily translated in English as ‘son’. But tamizh scholars
know that there is a subtle difference in the meaning. ‘Maindhan’
is one who protects not just his parents but also the entire family(which would
include his all other relatives as well). ‘Magan’is
just a ‘son’. The former is strong;the latter is comparatively weak. The former
is like an emperor; the latter, just a king. There are more meanings too, but
let me stop here.
But look the lines closely and see how he says-or
make Kausalya say- ‘Maindha’ first
and ‘Magan’ next.
Subtlety?
Well, there is more too. The first half talks about
‘Death’ while the next segment talks about ‘childhood’. The following line talk
about his romance (with one of his consorts-VaLLi)
while the next line talks about his valour
and finally, the
last one talks about his father, Paramasivan(look
at the description here-one who adorns the moon(thingaL), the snake(aravu),
and the river(ganga).
Contrasts…Life Cycle..Relationships..
Read the verse again and you can find infinite
inner meanings.
If the works of the tamizh poet from that great spiritual land called ‘ThiruvaNNamalai’ are full of subtleties,
the works of the gentleman from that remote village called ‘PaNNaippuram’ too brim with subtleties. If
the first one is musical poetry, the second one is poetic music.
Today, let me just take one example. And it is from
one of his most recent works.
The beauty of ‘Kekkadha Vaathiyam Kekkudhu’ from ‘MeRku Thodarchi Malai’(2018) lies not
just in the tune or in the raga used. There are so many other subtle elements
in the composition which make it shine like a kohinoor diamond.
Can we see that one by one?
For starters, the composition is mainly based on Mohanam. Underline the word ‘mainly’.
The fact that ILaiyaraaja is in awe
of Mohanam , is known to people who
have been following him right from his entry into the film music world. Also
known is the fact that he takes a lot of liberties with the raga, just like how one takes liberties
with the beloved. And this includes adding the non-existent note ‘ni’ or the other ‘ga’ or the other ‘dha’.
But what he has done in ‘Kekkadha..’ is something unique.
Let us see the composition from the beginning.
The prelude
starts from nowhere. This is what one can say about this rather unusual start
in which it seems as if the melody is a continuity of an existing melody or that
is an extension of a previous melody, which of course one has not heard before
and yet has been in existence since eons. Coming to think of it, this is how
rivers are born, right? Who can get to the source of a river?
And yes, it does flow like a river. Two synth instruments are superimposed on
one another and these move with an intuitive perception, giving us the
fragrance of Mohanam, with two sets
of percussion playing ‘ta ki ta’and a
third one sounding ‘ta’ with
resonance after 4 ‘ta ki ta’ s. The
melody is filigreed by the dulcet flute.
One gets to see musical images in different colours with more synth instruments joining in and with
the melody played from the beginning continuing like a leitmotif.
The Pallavi starts
in the voice of the Maestro himself.
It is tender with a unique melodic expression. What adds to the beauty is the sound of the bells in the background.
In fact, throughout the Pallavi, one
hears the sound of different synth
instruments subtly sounding in the background. N.S.K.Ramya continues the Pallavi
in pure Mohanam until the last line
which changes to Hamsadhwani, albeit
briefly. On paper, one just has to substitute the swara ‘dha’ with ‘ni’ to go to Hamsadhwani from Mohanam,
but the transition here is very smooth. So smooth that one can even easily miss
it.
The musical river continues to flow in the first interlude. It in fact seems like
an unrestrained flow and yet is disciplined. There are sensitive overtones as
well, with a couple of synth instruments
in the background. After a quick dash of the non-existent swara ‘ni’, the melody continues in Mohanam but this time in the humming of the chorus. The imagistic brevity is bewitching.
The lines in the CharaNams have a cherubic charm with the flute-like instrument which appears between the lines(as usual, his
music demands ‘reading between the lines’) shining with a divine luminescence. However,
what defines the CharaNams is the
scale change which appears in the penultimate line.
Mohanam
can be said to be in major scale as it has ga3(E
in Western Classical Music).
Replacing this ‘E’ with ‘D#’will change the scale to minor as per western classical theory. Here,
the Master does it with insouciance
maintaining his sangfroid.
But is that all?
The second
interlude says ‘No, there is more’.
As connoisseurs who have trained our ears and the heart to listen to music with
aesthetic sense and value, we too expect more and more from him, anyway.
However, what happens here is even beyond one’s
expectations.
Since few words of music theory and techniques have
to be given to help one understand and appreciate the nuances and niceties, I
am going ahead here with some relevant details briefly.
Mohanam has sa ri2 ga3 pa dha2 while ascending and
descending. Changing the swara ‘dha2’
to ‘dha1’makes it Vaasanti, another beautiful raga. The Master does this first. Then he keeps the swara ‘ga’ as the base ‘sa’
and changes the raga. Music aficionados
and regular followers of this Group
know that this is called as ‘Graha Bhedam’
in Carnatic Music parlance.
Now, if graha
bhedam is done on ‘ga3’ of Vaasanti, it would give a raga with the following swaras:
sa ri3
ga3 ma1 ni2 Sa. This raga is not defined in any raga
text. The Maestro adds a swara ‘dha1’ here to make it a six-note raga- which has sa ri3 ga3 ma1 dha1 ni2 sa. This raga is ‘Swara vardhini’and is derived from Ragavardhini, the 32nd
mela ragam. People who have attended Geetanjali-2018,
I am sure will remember that this is a vivadi
raga.
The second
interlude(in Swaravardhini) moves
with a suffused flow of pensiveness and with an elusive fascination. It wafts
us through quiet currents.
It is this quietness which makes us feel the
subtleties.
Can we define this feeling?